{"id":50,"date":"2025-07-08T09:57:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T07:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/?page_id=50"},"modified":"2025-07-08T09:57:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T07:57:51","slug":"articulatory-mode","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/articulatory-mode\/","title":{"rendered":"Articulatory mode"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Articulatory mode<\/h2>\n<p>There are three graphemic markers of articulatory mode:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Uphimbo<\/strong>, the voicing line, is a vertical line that runs from the apex of the triangle to the base (or inline with the ends of the chevron). This symbol modifies the phonation of the consonant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lerothodi<\/strong>, the glottal action dot, is a dot that floats just above the base of the triangle, inside it. When an <strong>uphimbo<\/strong> is present, the dot can be moved slightly to a side, and if a consonant shape is in the way, even further, for visibility. This symbol modifies the airstream mechanism of the consonant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ingungwana<\/strong>, the nasalization marker, is a circle that sits at the top of the triangle, touching its apex. This is distinct from the bilabial nasal \/m\/ (<strong>ingungu<\/strong>) that appears on its own, as this one occurs with other consonant graphemes. In this case, no additional lines need to be added to the <strong>ingungwana<\/strong>, as the place of articulation is given by them instead.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Articulation Modifier<\/th>\n<th>Without graphemic marker<\/th>\n<th>With graphemic marker<\/th>\n<th>Rule<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Phonation_Modificator.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Phonation_Modificator.svg\/120px-DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Phonation_Modificator.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Phonation_Modificator.svg\/250px-DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Phonation_Modificator.svg.png 2x\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" data-file-width=\"830\" data-file-height=\"830\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<i>Uphimbo<\/i><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u2205V\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u0266V\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<ul>\n<li>If the diacritic is the only symbol along the vowel, it represents a\u00a0<a title=\"Voiced glottal fricative\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voiced_glottal_fricative\">Voiced glottal fricative<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u0266\/<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>When applied to a nasal or a rhotic consonant, its shifts their phonation from modal to\u00a0<a title=\"Breathy voice\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breathy_voice\">breathy voiced<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>When applied to any other consonant, it becomes\u00a0<a title=\"Voice (phonetics)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voice_(phonetics)\">voiced<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/N\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/R\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/N\u0324\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/R\u0324\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/p\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/t\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/k\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/b\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/d\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/g\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Airstream_Modificator.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Airstream_Modificator.svg\/120px-DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Airstream_Modificator.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Airstream_Modificator.svg\/250px-DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Airstream_Modificator.svg.png 2x\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" data-file-width=\"830\" data-file-height=\"830\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<i>Lerothodi<\/i>. In grey, alternative placements to avoid consonants.<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u2205V\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u0294V\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">\n<ul>\n<li>If the diacritic is the only mark on the\u00a0<i>iBheqe<\/i>, it can denote a\u00a0<a title=\"Glottal stop\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glottal_stop\">glottal stop<\/a>, though more often than not that sound is non phonemic.<\/li>\n<li>For unvoiced and\u00a0<a title=\"Aspirated consonant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspirated_consonant\">aspirated<\/a>\u00a0consonants, the diacritic indicates a glottalized\u00a0<a title=\"Ejective consonant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ejective_consonant\">ejection<\/a>. If the language doesn&#8217;t have ejectives, then it turns into its plain modal form.<\/li>\n<li>For breathy voiced consonants, it indicates an\u00a0<a title=\"Implosive consonant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Implosive_consonant\">implosive<\/a>\u00a0release. If the language doesn&#8217;t have implosives, then it turns into its plain modal form.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/p\u02b0\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/t\u02b0\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u1d4f\u01c3\u02b0\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/p\u02bc\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/t\u02bc\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u1d4f\u01c3\u02bc\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/p\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/t\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u1d4f\u01c3\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/b\u0324\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/d\u0324<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/g\u0324\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u0253\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u0257<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u0260\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/b\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/d\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/g\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Consonant_Prenasalization.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Consonant_Prenasalization.svg\/120px-DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Consonant_Prenasalization.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Consonant_Prenasalization.svg\/250px-DtsD_Example_Diacritic_Consonant_Prenasalization.svg.png 2x\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" data-file-width=\"830\" data-file-height=\"830\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<i>Ingungwana<\/i><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/b\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/k\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/mb\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u014bk\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<ul>\n<li>This diacritic marks\u00a0<a title=\"Prenasalized consonant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prenasalized_consonant\">prenasalized<\/a>\u00a0consonants.<\/li>\n<li>When its used on an ejective click consonant (marked with the\u00a0<i>lerothodi<\/i>), the ingungu denotes prenasalization.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Ingcazo_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko#cite_note-Ingcazo-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0If it&#8217;s a plain click, then it becomes\u00a0<a title=\"Nasal click\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nasal_click\">nasal<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u1d4f\u01c3\u02bc\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u1d4f\u01c1\u02bc\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u014b\u1d4f\u01c3\u02bc\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u014b\u1d4f\u01c1\u02bc\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u1d4f\u01c3\u02b0\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u1da2\u01c0\u02b0\/<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">\/\u1d51\u01c3\/,<span class=\"wrap\">\u00a0<\/span>\/\u1d51\u01c0\u02b1\/<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Articulatory mode There are three graphemic markers of articulatory mode: Uphimbo, the voicing line, is a vertical line that runs from the apex of the triangle to the base (or inline with the ends of the chevron). This symbol modifies the phonation of the consonant. Lerothodi, the glottal action dot, is a dot that floats [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-50","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61,"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50\/revisions\/61"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ditema.africa\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}